Rosalind Evans
Japan has proposed an unprecedented defense budget of 8.5 trillion yen ($59 billion) for the upcoming fiscal year, signaling a significant shift in its national security strategy. This proposal responds to increasing security challenges posed by China, especially near Japan’s southwestern islands. By ramping up military spending, Japan aims to bolster its defense capabilities and strengthen its deterrence against potential regional threats.
This budget request aligns with Japan’s broader five-year military expansion plan, which aims to double the country’s annual defense expenditure by 2027. The goal is to spend 43 trillion yen ($297 billion) over five years, positioning Japan as the third-largest military spender globally, following the United States and China. This substantial increase highlights Japan’s dedication to protecting its sovereignty and ensuring stability in the region.
Emphasis on Unmanned Systems and Artificial Intelligence
A key aspect of Japan’s defense approach is the focus on unmanned systems and artificial intelligence. Given the country’s declining population and shrinking military personnel numbers, Japan is leaning heavily on technological advancements to enhance its defense capabilities. Unmanned systems, including combat drones, are considered crucial as they can conduct extended missions and reduce the risk to human life.
The proposed budget allocates 103 billion yen ($710 million) for developing and acquiring drones, underscoring the importance of technology in Japan’s defense strategy. Moreover, Japan plans to invest in AI systems to improve military operations. These advancements are crucial for Japan to maintain a robust defense posture amidst demographic challenges.
Expanding Long-Range Strike Capabilities
Enhancing long-range strike capabilities is another significant focus of the defense budget. The defense ministry has allocated 970 billion yen ($6.7 billion) for developing and procuring long-range missiles and associated launch systems. This includes missile systems deployable from Aegis-class destroyers, a key component of Japan’s defense strategy to counter threats from neighboring countries.
Additionally, part of the budget is designated for establishing a satellite network to enhance Japan’s capability to monitor missile activities. This initiative addresses the growing threats posed by the advancements in hypersonic missile technology by North Korea, China, and Russia. By investing in these capabilities, Japan seeks to strengthen its defensive and retaliatory options.
Addressing Challenges in Military Recruitment
Despite Japan’s focus on advanced military technology, it faces challenges in recruiting and retaining personnel for its Self-Defense Forces (SDF). The country’s declining birthrate and competition from private sector jobs have made it difficult to meet recruitment targets. Last year, Japan achieved only half of its recruitment goal, the lowest in the SDF’s 70-year history, and mid-career departures have hit a three-decade high.
To mitigate these challenges, Japan’s defense ministry is exploring reforms to make military service more appealing. These reforms include enhancing salaries, improving working conditions, expanding training opportunities, and providing better support for working mothers. Such measures aim to attract more young people and women to join the SDF, ensuring the sustainability of Japan’s defense capabilities.
Leveraging AI and Automation for Enhanced Efficiency
Beyond unmanned systems, Japan is also focusing on integrating AI and automation to boost efficiency. The defense ministry has requested 18 billion yen ($124 million) to deploy AI-based surveillance systems at 40 SDF bases nationwide. This initiative aims to free up around 1,000 service personnel by automating surveillance tasks, reducing reliance on human resources.
Additionally, the ministry plans to invest 4.3 billion yen ($29.7 million) in automated supply storage facilities, expected to be operational by 2027 in Okinawa. These facilities will streamline logistics and support operations, ensuring Japan’s defense forces remain well-equipped and ready to respond to threats. By embracing technological innovation and automation, Japan aims to sustain a strong defense posture while addressing the workforce challenges posed by its aging population.
